Publication Summary
Abstract This brief paper is an extension of our original paper What to do instead of significance testing? Calculating the ‘number of counterfactual cases needed to disturb a finding’, following a response by Jouni Kuha and Patrick Stugis. It shows how their response assists in the development of our idea of the ‘number needed to disturb’ (NNTD) a finding, and allows us to explain that idea further. NNTD allows researchers to summarise the scale, ‘effect’ size and attrition of a study in one figure.
CAER Authors
Prof. Stephen Gorard
University of Durham - Professor in the School of Education